Mother Jones | Charts: Suicide, PTSD and the Psychological Toll on America’s Vets (2013)


Last year more military personnel committed suicide than were killed in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan. According to the Department of Defense, 455 troops died in hostile action, and at least 468 active duty and reserve troops died in suspected suicides. It’s a growing problem the armed services have been trying to counter for years. So what does the Pentagon, families and all of us have to do, to stop it from happening? VETS Chief of Staff Amit Magdieli discusses. -RT

14 staggering stats about the invisible wounds of Iraq and Afghanistan:

Learn more from Mother Jones here.

RT: US Military suicides continue to climb, reaching record in 2012 (2013)


In 2009 and 2010 the suicide rates among US troops continued to climb. Twenty percent of suicides in the US are by veterans which many find it are to believe. Liz Wahl takes a deeper look into why soldiers are choosing to take their own lives. -RT (2011)

“The US Military’s suicide rate grew a startling 15 percent in 2012. The Pentagon, which has put great effort into lowering military suicide rates, has acknowledged that battle casualties are no longer the primary reason for soldiers’ deaths. Modern US warfare is Internet-centric and relies heavily on drones and robots, which has helped bring combat losses to historic lows; suicide now accounts for more deaths of US soldiers than battlefield conflict.”

Read more from RT here.

Homicide Hunter Premiered ‘Mr. Violence’ on ID: Ex-Marine Kicked Out for Violence Commits Murder in Colorado Springs (December 11, 2012)

29-year-old Chris Devoy is shot in cold blood outside a neighborhood bar. Faced with a trio of suspects, Kenda trusts his gut and makes a controversial decision. The case hits a dead end, but Kenda gets an unexpected tip that proves his instincts right. -Mr. Violence, Homicide Hunter (S2,E10)

Christopher Devoy Find A Grave
Christopher Devoy (Photo: Find A Grave)

In a random act of violence, ex-Marine James Shackelford decided to steal a Mitsubishi Eclipse outside a bar and ended up fatally shooting the driver of the car Christopher Devoy on May 31, 1996 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. James Shackelford was kicked out of the Marine Corps for punching a sergeant in the mouth. He turned to a life of crime robbing banks, stealing cars, and then eventually murder in the course of a robbery. Ultimately three individuals were held responsible for the murder of Christopher Devoy. James Shackelford was arrested for first degree murder. Jeffrey K. and Jeremy Kirby were convicted of murder and their combined sentences totaled more than fifty years behind bars. The ring leader of the murder got off with the lightest sentence. James Shackelford got sixteen years in prison. Shackelford never even got convicted of murder.

Source: Mr. Violence, Homicide Hunter, Investigation Discovery

Editor’s note: With a cable subscription, you can download the free ID Go app and watch Investigation Discovery programming at your convenience. And for those who do not have cable, you can watch “unlocked” episodes on the ID Go app including the latest premieres. For those who prefer commercial free programming during your binge session, Prime Video has an ID channel: ‘True Crime Files by Investigation Discovery” available for $3.99 a month. It’s a compilation of older seasons but totally worth the cost if you are a true crime addict. Download the ID Go app or purchase ID True Crime Files & binge away.

Related Links:
Christopher Paul Devoy | Find A Grave
Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda (Season 2), Mr. Violence (Preview)
Mr. Violence | Homicide Hunter | Investigation Discovery (S2,E10)
Mr. Violence | Homicide Hunter | Investigation Discovery (website)
Mr. Violence | Homicide Hunter | Investigation Discovery (Amazon)
Mr. Violence | Homicide Hunter | Investigation Discovery (Hulu)
The BEST Episodes of Homicide Hunter: Lt. Joe Kenda
Homicide Hunter: 10 Active Duty Military and Veteran Murder Cases Featured on Investigation Discovery

Insider outrage: Lance Cpl. Gregory Buckley Jr., 21

USMCInsider outrage: Lance Cpl. Gregory Buckley Jr., 21

As Lance Cpl. Gregory Buckley Jr. lifted weights on his small base in Afghanistan in August, a teenage aide to an Afghan police commander walked into the gym and shot Buckley in the chest and stomach with an AK-47. To Buckley’s family, his death in an insider attack wasn’t a casualty of war. It was murder.

“I didn’t want my son to die like this,” his father, Greg Buckley Sr., told news cameras after a memorial service in a seven-minute, teary diatribe against the government. “If it was in battle, I could understand. But he was murdered.”

Read more here.

Marine Sgt. Camella Steedley Died While Supporting Combat Operations in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, Under Investigation (2012)

Honoring Sgt Camella Steedley, USMC (2012)
Sgt. Camella Steedley, US Marine Corps

Marine Sgt. Camella Steedley died while supporting combat operations on October 3, 2012 in Helmand province, Afghanistan. Sgt. Steedley was supporting Operation Enduring Freedom on behalf of the Combat Logistics Regiment 17, 1st Marine Logistics Group, I Marine Expeditionary Force at Camp Pendleton, California. At the time of the Department of Defense press release, the cause of death was under investigation. She is survived by her husband, also in the US Marine Corps, and four children.

Related Links:
DOD Identifies Marine Casualty
Marine Sgt. Camella M. Steedley
Local Marine Killed in Afghanistan
Marine from SD dies in Afghanistan
Sgt. Camella M. Steedley, Camp Pendleton-based Marine dies in Afghanistan
Death Of Female Camp Pendleton Marine In Afghanistan Under Investigation
USMC investigates Marine’s death in Afghanistan
Colonel mirrored soldiers concerns in Afghanistan
Female servicewomen: ‘I am not here by mistake’

September: U.S. Department of Defense Casualties Report (2012)

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09/30/2012:  DoD Identifies Army Casualty: Riley Stephens, 39, Afghanistan, Fort Bragg, North Carolina

09/28/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualties: Orion Sparks, 29, and Jonathan Gollnitz, 28, Afghanistan, Schweinfurt, Germany

09/28/2012:  Airman Missing from WWII Identified

09/28/2012:  Marine Missing in Action from Korean War Identified

09/27/2012:  Army Releases August Suicide Data

09/26/2012:  DOD Identifies Navy Casualty: Dion Roberts, 25, NCD, Afghanistan, East Coast Naval Special Warfare Unit

09/21/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Jason Swindle, 24, Afghanistan, Fort Stewart, Georgia

09/19/2012:  DoD and VA to Fund $100 Million PTSD and TBI Study

09/19/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Joshua Nelson, 22, Afghanistan, Fort Gordon, Georgia

09/19/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualties: Sapuro Nena, 25, Genaro Bedoy, 20, and Jon Townsend, 19, Afghanistan, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington

09/17/2012:  New DOD Safe Helpline Mobile App Now Available

09/17/2012:  DOD Identifies Marine Casualties: Christopher Raible, 40, and Bradley Atwell, 27, Afghanistan, Marine Expeditionary Force (Forward)

09/15/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Kyle Osborn, 26, Afghanistan, Camp Ederle, Vicenza, Italy

09/09/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualties: Jose Montenegro Jr, 31, and Thalia Ramirez, 28, NCDs, Afghanistan, Fort Bragg, North Carolina

09/06/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Shane Cantu, 20, Afghanistan, Caserma Ederle, Vicenza, Italy

09/05/2012:  DOD Identifies Marine Casualty: Alec Terwiske, 21, Afghanistan, Camp Pendleton, California

09/04/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Jeremie Border, 28, Afghanistan, Torii Station, Japan

09/04/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Jonathan Schmidt, 28, Afghanistan, Fort Bragg, North Carolina

09/03/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Kyle Rookey, 23, NCD, Afghanistan, Fort Carson, Colorado

August: U.S. Department of Defense Casualties Report (2012)

Department of Defense

08/28/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Jessica Wing, 42, NCD, Kuwait, Maine Army National Guard

08/28/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualties: Christopher Birdwell, 25, and Mabry Anders, 21, Afghanistan, Fort Carson, Colorado

08/27/2012:  Soldiers Missing From Vietnam War Identified: William T. Brown, US Army

08/26/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Patricia Horne, 20, NCD, Afghanistan, Fort Campbell, Kentucky

08/23/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Louis Torres, 23, Afghanistan, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington

08/22/2012:  Airman Missing in Action from WWII Identified: John E. Hogan, US Army Air Forces

08/21/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: David V. Williams, 24, NCD, Afghanistan, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington

08/21/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Coater Debose, 55, Afghanistan, Camp Shelby, Mississippi

08/20/2012:  DOD Identifies 4 Army Casualties in Helicopter Crash: Brian Hornsby, 37, Suresh Krause, 29, Richard Essex, 23, and Luis Oliver Galbreath, NCDs, Afghanistan, Schofield Barracks, Hawaii

08/20/2012:  DOD Identifies 2 Navy Casualties in Helicopter Crash: Patrick Feeks, 28, and David Warsen, 27, NCDs, Afghanistan, West Coast-based Naval Special Warfare

08/20/2012:  DOD Identifies 1 Navy Casualty in Helicopter Crash: Sean Carson, 32, NCDs, Afghanistan, EOD, San Diego, California

08/20/2012:  DOD Identifies Marine and Navy Casualties: Gregory Copes, 36, and Darrel Enos, 36, Afghanistan, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina

08/19/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: James Justice, 21, Afghanistan, Vicenza, Italy

08/18/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Michael Demarsico II, Afghanistan, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington

08/17/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Eric Holman, 39, Afghanistan, Fort Bragg, North Carolina

08/16/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Andrew Keller, 22, Afghanistan, Vicenza, Italy

08/13/2012:  DOD Identifies Marine Casualties: Scott Dickinson, 29, Richard Rivera, 20, and Gregory Buckley, 21, Afghanistan, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii

08/13/2012:  DOD Identifies Marine Casualties: Matthew Manoukian, 29, Ryan Jeschke, 31, and Sky Mote, 27, Afghanistan, Camp Pendleton, California

08/11/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Gregory Trent, 38, Afghanistan, Fort Bragg, North Carolina

08/09/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualties: Thomas Kennedy, 35, and Kevin Griffin, 45, Afghanistan, Fort Carson, Colorado

08/09/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Ethan Martin, 22, Afghanistan, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska

08/09/2012:  DOD Identifies Air Force Casualty: Walter Gray, 38, Afghanistan, Fort Carson, Colorado

08/08/2012:  DOD Identifies Navy Casualty: Clayton Beauchamp, 21, Afghanistan, Camp Pendleton, California

08/08/2012:  DOD Identifies Marine Casualty: Daniel Linnabary II, 23, Afghanistan, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina

08/06/2012:  Airmen Missing from Vietnam War Identified: Charles M. Walling, US Air Force

08/05/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualties: Russell Bell, 37, and Matthew Sitton, 26, Afghanistan, Fort Bragg, North Carolina

08/03/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualties: Todd Lambka, 25, and Jesus Lopez, 22, Afghanistan, Fort Riley, Kansas

08/02/2012:  DOD Identifies Army Casualty: Kyle McClain, 25, Afghanistan, Michigan Army National Guard

08/02/2012:  DOD Identifies Marine Casualty: Curtis Duarte, 22, Afghanistan, Twentynine Palms, California

Related Links:
Insider outrage: Lance Cpl. Gregory Buckley Jr., 21
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2002)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2003)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2004)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2005)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2006)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2007)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2008)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2009)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2010)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2011)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2013)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2014)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2015)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2016)
August: Department of Defense Casualties Report (2017)
Non Combat Deaths of Female Soldiers in the US Military (Iraq)
Non Combat Deaths of Female Soldiers in the US Military (Afghanistan)
Non Combat Deaths of Female Soldiers in the US Military (Other Areas)

Missing California Army National Guardsman Noah Pippin Recovered in Montana’s Bob Marshall Wilderness; Died From Exposure (August 24, 2012)

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Noah Pippin, U.S. Marine Corps, California Army National Guard

On September 11, 2010, the California National Guard called the parents of Noah Pippin, 31, to ask where he was because he didn’t show up for military duty and that wasn’t like him. Nonetheless, Noah was listed as Absent Without Leave (AWOL). It was this phone call that would set off a series of events for the family of Noah Pippin who also knew that he wouldn’t normally shirk his responsibilities but they were concerned about him. Noah’s parents knew that he once served in the Marines and deployed to Iraq three times. To them, he seemed troubled, preoccupied and depressed the last time they saw him. They wondered if he committed suicide. The family began to trace his steps. Noah left Michigan on August 25, 2010 in a cab to go to the airport to get a rental car. In October 2010, the family remembered they had a picture of the cab and the number. They called the cab company and it was confirmed that Noah did go to airport and rented a car. Records indicate that Noah drove to Kalispell, Montana. The family questioned why Montana instead of California and wondered what happened to him.

At his family’s insistence, Noah visited with them for a week in Traverse, Michigan prior to his deployment with the National Guard to Afghanistan. Noah drove from California to Michigan with a U-haul full of his belongings so he could store them while he was deployed. He had abruptly quit his job 3 months earlier at the Los Angeles Police Department where he had been working for a year a half as a police officer. He decided the job was not working out so he left the position and volunteered to go back on active duty with the Army. Noah volunteered to go on a 13 month deployment to Afghanistan. Noah became a police officer after getting out of the US Marine Corps so when he became disillusioned about the job, he went back to what felt comfortable. Noah got rid of his apartment in California and then when he got to Michigan, he started giving away everything he owned. Noah’s parents questioned his decision to give away all his belongings and told him he could store some of his stuff in their basement. They also knew he deployed to Iraq 3 times and as a result of their observations asked him about his mental health. But he assured them he was okay.

Noah’s parents were already concerned about suicide and worried when Noah didn’t show up for his National Guard duty. They contacted police on September 24, 2010. Initially it appeared the police didn’t share their same concerns about Noah and even made assumptions about his AWOL status as if he was a malingerer. But after the family shared the information they had confirmed with the cab company, the police began to take notice. The police investigated and learned from cell phone records that Noah called a taxi in Hungry Horse but the taxi didn’t know where he went to. On August 31, 2010, all activity stopped on Noah’s cell phone. The family and police wondered if Noah stopped in Montana to do some hiking as a form of rest and relaxation before he was deployed. Credit card activity showed that Noah checked into a hotel on August 28, 2010 and stayed for two nights. Aside from credit card activity at local stores for supplies and a couple restaurants for meals, there was no more activity on his cell phone and credit card and it appears that Noah Pippin disappeared on August 31, 2010. Noah’s dad couldn’t help but wonder if he went to Montana to die. Where Noah went after he left the hotel in Hungry Horse remained a mystery for two years.

In December 2010, the family felt like Noah was probably was dead. His mom continued to send messages to his e-mail but he never responded. Then Noah’s brothers reminded their parents that some of Noah’s stuff was in the basement. The brothers suggested they go through his belongings to see if there were any clues to his disappearance. Noah’s parents admitted it was hard to go through his stuff but they began the process and found a notebook that contained detailed directions to a place called Blue lakes which was south of Glacier National Park in Montana. They also found a list of supplies one would take on a wilderness trek. It appeared that Noah planned on going to Glacier National Park but didn’t mention it to his family. After learning this information, they couldn’t help but assume Noah went there to clear his head. Now the concern was why didn’t he show up for military duty and why haven’t they heard from him. The hotel in Hungry Horse called a month later and informed the police they found some of Noah’s property in the lost and found. This property included cell phone and computer chargers but the cell phone and computer were not present. At this point police thought maybe Noah was a victim of robbery and foul play, maybe even a homicide victim.

The police needed an eye witness who may have seen Noah. In February 2011, the family shared developments in the case with the media while the police contacted the Forest Service. The police talked to people who occupied cabins in the area but no one had seen him. Some witnesses thought they saw Noah walking on the road but couldn’t confirm it was him. At this time, police had no more leads to follow and they all had to wait for the snow to melt before they could begin searching for him. In June 2012, Noah’s parents went to the Blue Lakes to look for him. They noted that they were pleased Noah’s last known location was in such a beautiful place. Eventually witnesses contacted the family to share that Noah showed up to their camping spot. They provided details that he talked about being in the military and deploying to Iraq, therefore he was positively identified. It appears that Noah followed through with his plans to hike to the Blue Lakes and then he headed to the Bob Marshall Wilderness. Noah’s parents were relieved to know he was alive two weeks after his cellphone activity stopped. But now it appears Noah deliberately didn’t go back to active duty with the National Guard. Shirking his responsibilities was not like Noah so why would he go AWOL?

It was September 15, 2010 when the witnesses ran into Noah while they were setting up their camp. They said it appeared that he only had a day pack which wasn’t the norm for someone so far back in the wilderness. Noah said he was going to hike along the Chinese Wall where there was no trail. The family offered Noah dinner and to put him up for the night but he declined and insisted on continuing on his hike. The next day, the weather pattern changed and the family sensed a snow storm was on the way so they left immediately and got caught in blizzard like conditions on the way out. The family thought if Noah got caught up in these conditions, it could be dangerous. A ranger also contacted the family and confirmed that he witnessed Noah sleeping on the trail on September 15, 2010 and it appeared he was heading towards the Chinese Wall. The ranger observed Noah wasn’t equipped for the trip too. Everyone acknowledged that a two day’s hike from civilization could be very dangerous in winter conditions. It was hard to anticipate what could happen in the mountains in blizzard like conditions and the outlook was bleak. Police began a recovery mission after learning this information and a helicopter search team looked for him in August 2011 but he was not spotted.  The inconclusive search gave the family hope but they wanted closure.

UPDATE: On August 24, 2012, Noah Pippin’s body was recovered and reports indicate that Noah died from exposure. Noah Pippin froze to death in the Bob Marshall Wilderness.

Investigation Discovery:

Former Marine Noah Pippin is reported missing after failing to appear at drill. -A Soldier’s Story, Disappeared (November 21, 2011)

ID Go: In August 2010, 31-year-old ex-marine Noah Pippin left Michigan to report to the California National Guard. But Noah never shows up. Police trace his path to the forests of Montana, leaving Noah’s parents to wonder why he is venturing into the wild. -A Soldier’s Story, Disappeared (S5,E8)

Editor’s note: With a cable subscription, you can download the free ID Go app and watch all of the Investigation Discovery programming at your convenience. And for those who do not have cable, you can watch “unlocked” episodes on the ID Go app including the latest premieres. Download the ID Go app and binge away. For those who prefer commercial free programming during your binge session, Prime Video has an ID channel: ‘True Crime Files by Investigation Discovery” available for $2.99 a month. It’s a compilation of older seasons but totally worth the cost if you are a true crime addict.

Related Links:
Missing Hiker Last Seen in Montana Backcountry
Missing Hiker: Bob Marshall Wilderness, MT
Why Noah Went to the Woods
Into the Woods: The Noah Pippin Case
Ex-Marine from Michigan missing since last year
Missing Marine story to air on cable Feb. 27
Noah Pippin Investigation Continues
Human remains found in Montana wilderness believed to be missing Iraq war veteran who vanished two years ago
Search party finds body of Suttons Bay man missing in Montana wilderness since 2010
Lost son found
Missing Marine’s Remains Identified
New evidence found in Marine’s wilderness death
Missing Marine likely died of exposure during blizzard in Bob Marshall Wilderness
Former Suttons Bay High School Graduate’s Body Found in Montana After Two Year Search
Missing Iraq war veteran’s remains found in Bob Marshall Wilderness
The Disappearance of Noah Pippin – Part 1: Vanished Into Thin Air
The Disappearance of Noah Pippin – Part 2: Nothing Shall Be Impossible
Disappeared Premiered ‘A Soldier’s Story’ on Investigation Discovery: Noah Pippin’s Body Located in Montana’s Bob Marshall Wilderness (February 27, 2012)
Did Noah Pippin Go AWOL? | Disappeared (YouTube)
A Soldier’s Story | Disappeared | Investigation Discovery (S5,E8)
A Soldier’s Story | Disappeared | Investigation Discovery (website)
A Soldier’s Story | Disappeared | Investigation Discovery (Amazon)

WIGS Premiered the Season 1 Web Series of ‘Lauren’ on YouTube: Sexual Assault in the Military (August 13, 2012)

“Lauren”: Episode 1 of 3 — “The Report”: Sergeant Lauren Weil must defend her report when Major Stone raises serious concerns. -WIGS (August 13, 2012)

“Lauren”: Episode 2 of 3 — “The Third Man”: Weil endures an uncomfortable interrogation while Stone gets disappointing news. -WIGS (August 15, 2012)

“Lauren”: Episode 3 of 3 — “The Suck”: After Lauren learns the fate of her case, she gains an unlikely ally. -WIGS (August 17, 2012)

Related Links:
Lauren | Season 1, Ep. 1 of 3 | Feat. Troian Bellisario & Jennifer Beals | WIGS
Lauren | Season 1, Ep. 2 of 3 | Feat. Troian Bellisario & Jennifer Beals | WIGS
Lauren (+ Leslie Trailer) | Season 1, Ep. 3 of 3 | Feat. Troian Bellisario & Jennifer Beals | WIGS
YouTube’s ‘Lauren’ series focuses on military sexual assault
New YouTube Series Focuses On Military Sexual Assault (Video)
New Female-Centric Web Series WIGS Features Jennifer Beals, America Ferrera, Others
Review: WIGS web series ‘Lauren’ focuses on military sexual misconduct
YouTube series shines a light on military sexual assault
Watch: Jennifer Beals and Troian Bellisario Star in Heavyhitting Web Series ‘Lauren,’ About Military Rape
A military victim advocate talks about “Lauren”
WIGS Announces New Season and New Series
Season 2 of WIGS Award-Winning Series LAUREN to Premiere 5/3
Jennifer Beals and Troian Bellisario reunite for a second season of “Lauren”
“Lauren” Finale Roundtable on Military Sexual Assault (May 20, 2013)
What’s Trending And WIGS Host Live Roundtable On Military Sexual Assault Feat. “Lauren” Star Troian Bellisario
Military sexual assault is focus of YouTube series
‘Lauren’ Explores Sexual Assault in the Military
Jennifer Beals Takes on Sexual Assault in the Military in Web Series Lauren
Troian Bellisario “Soldiers Up” in the Web Series Lauren – Taking on Rape in the Military
Interview with Jennifer Beals and Troian Bellisario
Jennifer Beals and Sen. Claire McCaskill: ‘Military Sexual Assault Survivors, We Have Your Back’
Sexual Violence Issues in the Military | NCDSV
Congress Still Dragging Its Feet On Military Sexual Assault Reform

NPR: Pentagon Revamps Rules On Reporting Sex Crimes (June 19, 2012)

xl_deptofdefenselogoNPR: Pentagon Revamps Rules On Reporting Sex Crimes

“The Pentagon has announced new steps to deter assaults and make it easier to prosecute offenders, a move that follows President Obama’s recent remark that sexual assault “has no place” in the U.S. military.

Still, many victims believe it will be difficult to change a military culture that makes it tough for the victims to report these crimes. For victims, the nightmare starts with the attack. Many say that things get worse when they try to do something about it.”

“We anticipate maybe about 14 or 15 percent of people who have been sexually assaulted come forward to report.” -Air Force Maj. Gen. Mary Kay Hertog

Read more from NPR here.